Stephen Hawking's Universe: between science and faith.
The universe requires a Creator? According to the famous British mathematician and astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, no "may have created the universe by itself, may have been created from nothing" and therefore "God did not create it." As Darwin seemed to disprove the existence of God with his theory of biological evolution of our species, Hawking wants to deny it now from the point of view of physics. In his most famous book "From the Big Bang to the hole blacks", the astrophysicist had tried to explain what happened "before" the Big Bang, or the time before he was born, leaving the question unresolved. But in his new work, entitled "The Grand Design" (The big project), written together with American physicist Leonard Mlodinow, the scientist gives the answer: instead of being an unlikely event, be explained only by divine intervention, the Big Bang was "an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics. " Hawking says: "Since there is a law like gravity, the universe and may have been created by myself, from scratch. The spontaneous creation is the reason why there is something instead of nothing, why there 's universe, why we exist. " In the book, the researcher also predicts that physics is close to formulate a "theory of everything", a series of equations that can fully explain the properties of nature. 'S useless, therefore, "call upon God to let him touch the sky and let him load the spring mechanism of the universe."
If the great astrophysicist Hawking reminded a bit of classical philosophy, understand that the real problem is not the explanation of the origin of the universe and of life, but its meaning .
Humans who have the "light of reason", they ask what is the meaning of the Universe, and Everything as there is not nothing, because there are life and death, good and evil . They wonder, then, just because of evil men.
Humans who have the "light of reason", they ask what is the meaning of the Universe, and Everything as there is not nothing, because there are life and death, good and evil . They wonder, then, just because of evil men.
Stephen Hawking is forced to live on a wheelchair and is completely paralyzed: he speaks only through the technology. But medical science does not say never because he himself was hit by evil. Perhaps Hawking, like the biblical character Job, have asked God why hurt a right. In this latest work "The Great Project," Hawking recalls the discovery in 1992 of a planet orbiting a star similar to Earth around the Sun, which confirms, in his opinion, that if land is not unique. Now, considering that it is highly likely that not only there are other planets like Earth but also others (and perhaps infinite) universe, Hawking asks: If God had wanted to create the universe in order to create the man (or intelligent beings, even if spread to other planets in other galaxies or universes), what sense would add all the rest? This is the point: what is the meaning Universe, man? Scientific research seeks to "avoid" annoying, scientifically inappropriate meaning. But as long as man exists who has the "light of reason" would not give to question the meaning of life and death, evil and beauty.
We now try to reconcile the scientific reasoning with that of pure faith come to understand that we can not do without an intervention of a divine plan to ensure that the Universe acquires meaning.
In recent centuries, astronomers were scanning the sky with telescopes noticed rudimentary formations nebulous, indistinct contours. They thought they were gas clouds close to us. But in the '20s, with the entry into operation of the largest and most powerful telescopes, it was discovered that these "gas" was something much more vast and interesting galaxies.
Galaxies are huge clusters of stars, gas and other substances that rotate around a central core. Take for example the galaxy in which we live, the Milky Way. Our solar system, namely the Sun, Earth and other planets with their moons, belongs to this galaxy. But it was only a microscopic part, because our galaxy, the Milky Way, contains more than 100 billion stars! According to some scientists, this number should be at least 200-400 billion stars. (Imagine the number of stars for each of the billions of galaxies that exist ...) The diameter of our galaxy is such that, traveling at the speed of light (about 300,000 km per second), it would take 100,000 years to cross it! Our galaxy, therefore, has a diameter of about 960 million billion kilometers! It seems that the average distance between stars in the galaxy is approximately 6 light-years, or about 58 trillion km But of our galaxy is only the beginning of what is in space! Have been identified so many galaxies that are considered "are common as the grass in a meadow." Can be found in the observable universe about 10 billion galaxies! But there are many others that are beyond the reach of current telescopes. Some astronomers estimate that the universe there are at least 100 billion galaxies, each galaxy and can hold hundreds of billions of stars! These massive galaxies are usually arranged grouped in "clusters" defined as the berries in a cluster of grapes. Some clusters contain a relatively small number of galaxies. Other clusters of galaxies are made up of tens, hundreds or even thousands of galaxies. The average distance between galaxies within a cluster can be up to about 1 million light years. But the distance between a cluster of galaxies and the other can be a hundred times greater. And there is even reason to think that the clusters themselves are arranged into "superclusters," like grapes on a vine. What immense proportions and wonderful organization!
Coming to our Solar System, is another splendid example of an organization. The Sun, which is a medium size star, is the "core" around which the second well-defined orbits the Earth and other planets with their moons. Year after year, rotating with a mathematical precision that astronomers can accurately predict where will at any future time.
Looking at the infinitely small, we find the same accuracy. The atom is a marvel of perfection very similar to the order of the solar system. It consists of a nucleus in which there are particles called protons and neutrons, surrounded by a "cloud" of orbiting electrons. All matter is made of these building blocks for construction. What makes a substance differ on the other is the amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the quantity and arrangement of electrons that go around. All this with an order so perfect that all the constituent elements of matter can be arranged in regular succession according to the number "brick" of which they are composed.
The size of the universe are truly stunning and the same goes for the wonderful way in which it is organized. Infinitely large to the infinitely small, from clusters of galaxies to atoms, to which the vibrating strings with each vibration frequency then corresponds to a given matter particle (fermion, like electron, proton and the neutron) or force (boson, like the photon, the graviton or gluon), the universe is characterized by a superb organization. Former astronaut John Glenn mentioned the "order of the entire universe" and the fact that the galaxies' travel in predetermined orbits to one another. " After of that said, "It can be done entirely by chance, by a stroke of luck? E 'was an accidental event that a collection of flotsam has suddenly begun to establish these orbits on its own initiative?" Glenn concluded: "I can not believe it ... Some" force "must have put all this in orbit and keeps it there." In fact the universe is arranged with such precision that humans can rely on celestial bodies to calculate the time. But any precision timing is obviously the work of a systematic mind have the capacity to design. A systematic mind can design can not exist if not an intelligent being. What about the structure and precision much more complexity that characterizes the entire universe? This also does not indicate the existence of a Designer, a manufacturer of a Mind of an Intelligence? An organization requires an extraordinary Extraordinary Organizing. All experience teaches us that everything must have had organized an organizer. Each machine, computer, building, or even a pencil or a piece of paper, is the product of a builder, an organizer. The far more complex and amazing organization Universe should logically have also requested an organizer.
addition, the entire universe, from galaxies to the vibrating strings, is governed by precise laws physical . To put into orbit a rocket needs to respect the laws of motion and gravity. These laws require a lawgiver. The immense proportions, the precision and the laws that exist throughout the universe would never have occurred by chance, all these things can be attributed to a higher mind.
The universal laws governing matter exists. But where did the matter ? In his book Cosmos, Carl Sagan said: "At the beginning of the universe there were no galaxies, stars or planets, life, or civilizations." Sagan calls the "transition" from the current universe was "the most impressive transformation of mass and energy We had the privilege of seeing. "Here is the" key "to understanding how the Universe may have come into existence: there must have been a" transformation of energy and matter . "This relationship was demonstrated by Einstein's famous formula , E = mc ^ 2 (energy equals mass to the speed of light squared) and very recently by the report that provides in-Nardelli Palumbo corriaspondenza two-way action of the bosonic string and the superstring, then the bosons, ie from ' energy, have created the fermions, namely the mass, and vice versa. Einstein's formula shows, inter alia, that the matter can be obtained from the energy, as well as the matter can produce an enormous amount energy. Astrophysicist Josip Kleczek says: "Most and possibly all of the elementary particles can be created by materialization of energy." Scientific evidence indicates, therefore, a source of unlimited energy would actually hold the raw material to create the "essence" of the Universe. The prophet Isaiah in the Bible points out that this source of energy is living with an intelligence personality, saying: "Lift up your eyes and see: who created those stars? He points out in their army and the exact number calls them all by name; to his omnipotence and the strength of his force not missing any "(this with reference to property or heavenly bodies). Then, from biblical point of view, behind the event described in Genesis 1:1, that is: "In the beginning God created Heaven and Earth", there was this unlimited energy source.
Typically scientists today recognize that the universe indeed had a beginning. Among the main theories that seek to explain this is the beginning of the so-called "Big Bang" (big explosion), that, according to almost all cosmologists, it was really the moment of Creation. But, as recognized by astrophysicist John Gribbin, although scientists "prevail in the vast majority can describe in detail" what happened after that "moment", what determines "the moment of creation remains a mystery. "
A simple" explosion "can not therefore have created our universe with its majestic structure its laws and its order overtime. only a powerful organizer and legislator could" drive "the powerful forces at work so that this causes such wonderful organization and laws. The scientific evidence and the reason therefore provide a solid biblical support for the following statement: "The heavens declare the glory of God and proclaims His handiwork firmament. "- Psalm 19:2
Another thing that should make us reflect inherent in the Big Bang is as follows. The original Big Bang was far from symmetrical. At time of creation there was a small symmetry breaking between matter and antimatter that brought the first to dominate the second and made possible the existence of the universe around us. If the universe was born from "nothing", certainly this "nothing" was not completely empty but was in itself a small dose of "broken symmetry" which led to the current prevalence of matter over antimatter. The origin of this "broken symmetry" has not yet been understood by science, but if we reflect for a moment easily understand the great intelligence that is behind this "break" and that allowed the universe to evolve as we see and we know.
Regarding the "creative nothing", even the physical Gabici states: " The "quantum mechanics", in fact, and in particular the "uncertainty principle" of Heisenberg, admits the appearance of anything from small amounts of energy (referred to as "fluctuations") and therefore also our universe may be born by a fluctuation, which is still an admit a kind of 'fiat lux'. The only "hole" in the cosmological explanation, is the length of time that goes zero to an estimated time From the instant in "less than 10 to 43. Yet in that range has been the birth of our universe. We call it "creation"? And what was first? Nothing. But this "nothing" it is nothing or something more complex? Obviously must be something more complex if it is true that nothing can occur from these "fluctuations '." I believe that "nothing", the "string perturbative vacuum" and "intelligent" and intelligence is that Cosmic from then identified with the Creator of the Universe. But because the universe originated, because there is "everything" instead of "nothing"?
Beautiful and also to reflect these verses taken from the Book of Sirach (Bible) 42 :22-25 " How lovely is all His works! And how sparkling they are to see. All these things live and remain forever in all circumstances and all obey him. All are in pairs, facing each other (matter and antimatter, particle and antiparticle, positive and negative, black hole and white hole, good and evil, etc. ...), He has made nothing incomplete. This confirms the merits of the other, who shall be satisfied in contemplating His glory? "
conclude this article with the following statement:" The because of the creation of the universe resides in an act of pure love from the Creator. As each of us is born of an act of love, God who is without attributes, and that is Father and Mother, created the Universe and the wonderful story of the Cosmos by an act of love which then results in the intelligence Design .
Michele Nardelli
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